Over the past decade, cancer vaccines have achieved noteworthy advancements. Through a comprehensive analysis of tumor antigen genomics, numerous therapeutic vaccines have advanced into clinical trials for various cancers, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. These trials have showcased remarkable tumor immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity. Notably, a recent avenue in cancer treatment involves the active development of vaccines utilizing self-assembled nanoparticles. The feasibility of this approach has been validated in both animal models and human subjects. In this review, we provide an overview of recent therapeutic cancer vaccines centered around self-assembled nanoparticles. We delve into the fundamental constituents of self-assembled nanoparticles and elucidate how they contribute to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity. Furthermore, we explore innovative design methodologies for self-assembled nanoparticles, presenting them as promising delivery platforms for cancer vaccines. Additionally, we discuss their potential when combined with various therapeutic strategies, opening new horizons in cancer treatment.
<Summary>
Cancer vaccines, traditionally administered by introducing specific tumor antigens along with adjuvants that activate dendritic cells(DCs), have a primary goal of triggering an immune response against tumor antigens. The notable achievements in therapeutic cancer vaccines over recent years have significantly transformed cancer therapies, offering additional viable options for individuals diagnosed with cancer.
Numerous clinical trials have further validated the viability of this approach, with notable examples being trials conducted for melanoma, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. As the discovery of neoantigen targets advances, enhancing the identification of immunogenic neoepitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells, personalized therapeutic cancer vaccines are under clinical investigation.
At the discovery of neoantigen targets advances, enhancing the identification of immunogenic neoepitope recognized by CD8+ T cells, personalized therapeutic cancer vaccines are under clinical investigation. The increasing interest in enhancing tumor immunotherapy through therapeutic cancer vaccines has prompted the exploration of more efficient strategies for inducing tumor regression. Nevertheless, recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in the development of self-assembled nanoparticle (SANP) platforms for therapeutic cancer vaccines. SANPs have the capability to trigger specific immune responses of B/T cells by mimicking epitope folding observed in microorganisms. This process safeguards payloads from enzymatic breakdown, facilitates transport to lymphoid organs, and enables targeted delivery to the tumor. Furthermore, the enhanced performance of SANPs leads to increased antigen loading. Due to these advantageous attributes of SANPs, they have naturally garnered significant attention within current vaccine research and have found application across diverse medical domains.
Furthermore, the enhanced performance of SANPs leads to increased antigen loading. Due to these advantageous attributes of SANPs, they have naturally garnered significant attention within current vaccine research and have found application across diverse medical domains.
